By Devport Team | Last updated: 2025-07-12 | 17 min read

WordPress REST API vs. WPGraphQL: Which is Right for Your Next Project?

Choosing between the WordPress REST API and WPGraphQL is one of the most critical decisions you'll make when building a headless WordPress application. Both approaches have their strengths, and the right choice depends on your project's specific requirements, team expertise, and performance goals.

This comprehensive comparison examines both APIs through the lens of real-world development, providing performance benchmarks, code examples, and a clear decision framework to help you make the right choice for your next project.

Table of Contents

  1. Technical Architecture Comparison
  2. Performance Benchmarks
  3. Developer Experience
  4. Query Efficiency Analysis
  5. Plugin Ecosystem
  6. Migration Considerations
  7. Decision Flowchart

Technical Architecture Comparison

REST API Architecture

The WordPress REST API follows RESTful principles, organizing data into resources accessible via HTTP endpoints. Each resource type (posts, pages, users, etc.) has its own endpoint with standard HTTP methods.

Core Concepts

// REST API endpoint structure
const endpoints = {
    posts: '/wp-json/wp/v2/posts',
    singlePost: '/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/{id}',
    categories: '/wp-json/wp/v2/categories',
    users: '/wp-json/wp/v2/users',
    media: '/wp-json/wp/v2/media',
    search: '/wp-json/wp/v2/search'
};

// Standard HTTP methods
const methods = {
    GET: 'Retrieve resources',
    POST: 'Create new resources',
    PUT: 'Update entire resources',
    PATCH: 'Partial updates',
    DELETE: 'Remove resources'
};

Request/Response Flow

// REST API request example
async function fetchPostWithDetails(postId) {
    // Multiple requests needed for complete data
    const post = await fetch(`${API_URL}/wp/v2/posts/${postId}`);
    const postData = await post.json();

    // Additional requests for related data
    const author = await fetch(`${API_URL}/wp/v2/users/${postData.author}`);
    const categories = await Promise.all(
        postData.categories.map(id => 
            fetch(`${API_URL}/wp/v2/categories/${id}`).then(r => r.json())
        )
    );
    const featuredMedia = postData.featured_media 
        ? await fetch(`${API_URL}/wp/v2/media/${postData.featured_media}`).then(r => r.json())
        : null;

    return {
        ...postData,
        author: await author.json(),
        categories,
        featuredMedia
    };
}

GraphQL Architecture

WPGraphQL provides a single endpoint that accepts queries, allowing clients to request exactly what data they need in a single request.

Core Concepts

# GraphQL schema structure
type RootQuery {
    post(id: ID!): Post
    posts(where: RootQueryToPostConnectionWhereArgs): RootQueryToPostConnection
    user(id: ID!): User
    users: RootQueryToUserConnection
    mediaItem(id: ID!): MediaItem
}

type Post {
    id: ID!
    title: String
    content: String
    author: User
    categories: PostToCategoryConnection
    featuredImage: MediaItem
    comments: PostToCommentConnection
}

Request/Response Flow

// GraphQL request example
const GET_POST_WITH_DETAILS = `
    query GetPost($id: ID!) {
        post(id: $id) {
            id
            title
            content
            date
            author {
                node {
                    name
                    email
                    avatar {
                        url
                    }
                }
            }
            categories {
                nodes {
                    name
                    slug
                    description
                }
            }
            featuredImage {
                node {
                    sourceUrl
                    altText
                    mediaDetails {
                        width
                        height
                    }
                }
            }
            comments {
                nodes {
                    content
                    date
                    author {
                        node {
                            name
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
`;

// Single request for all data
const response = await fetch(`${API_URL}/graphql`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify({
        query: GET_POST_WITH_DETAILS,
        variables: { id: postId }
    })
});

Data Structure Differences

REST API Response Structure

{
    "id": 123,
    "date": "2024-01-15T10:00:00",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "Sample Post Title"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<p>Post content...</p>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "author": 1,
    "featured_media": 456,
    "categories": [2, 5, 8],
    "_links": {
        "self": [{"href": "https://api.example.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/123"}],
        "author": [{"href": "https://api.example.com/wp-json/wp/v2/users/1"}],
        "wp:featuredmedia": [{"href": "https://api.example.com/wp-json/wp/v2/media/456"}]
    }
}

GraphQL Response Structure

{
    "data": {
        "post": {
            "id": "cG9zdDoxMjM=",
            "title": "Sample Post Title",
            "content": "<p>Post content...</p>",
            "date": "2024-01-15T10:00:00",
            "author": {
                "node": {
                    "name": "John Doe",
                    "email": "[email protected]",
                    "avatar": {
                        "url": "https://example.com/avatar.jpg"
                    }
                }
            },
            "categories": {
                "nodes": [
                    {
                        "name": "Technology",
                        "slug": "technology",
                        "description": "Tech related posts"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "featuredImage": {
                "node": {
                    "sourceUrl": "https://example.com/image.jpg",
                    "altText": "Featured image",
                    "mediaDetails": {
                        "width": 1200,
                        "height": 800
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Performance Benchmarks

Test Methodology

We conducted performance tests using the following setup: - WordPress 6.3 with 10,000 posts - MySQL 8.0 database - PHP 8.1 with OPcache enabled - 4GB RAM, 2 CPU cores - Tests run 1000 times, averaged

Benchmark Results

Simple Query Performance

// REST API - Single post
const restTime = await measureTime(async () => {
    await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/123');
});
// Average: 45ms

// GraphQL - Single post
const graphqlTime = await measureTime(async () => {
    await fetch('/graphql', {
        method: 'POST',
        body: JSON.stringify({
            query: 'query { post(id: "123") { id title content } }'
        })
    });
});
// Average: 52ms

Complex Query Performance

// REST API - Post with all relationships (5 requests)
const restComplexTime = await measureTime(async () => {
    const post = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/123').then(r => r.json());
    const author = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/users/${post.author}`);
    const media = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/media/${post.featured_media}`);
    const categories = await Promise.all(
        post.categories.map(id => fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/${id}`))
    );
    const comments = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/comments?post=${post.id}`);
});
// Average: 450ms

// GraphQL - Post with all relationships (1 request)
const graphqlComplexTime = await measureTime(async () => {
    await fetch('/graphql', {
        method: 'POST',
        body: JSON.stringify({
            query: `
                query {
                    post(id: "123") {
                        id
                        title
                        content
                        author { node { name email } }
                        featuredImage { node { sourceUrl } }
                        categories { nodes { name } }
                        comments { nodes { content } }
                    }
                }
            `
        })
    });
});
// Average: 120ms

Performance Comparison Table

Scenario REST API GraphQL Winner
Single resource 45ms 52ms REST
Resource + 2 relations 135ms 65ms GraphQL
Resource + 5 relations 450ms 120ms GraphQL
List of 50 items 180ms 210ms REST
List + nested data 850ms 250ms GraphQL
Bandwidth (10 posts) 125KB 35KB GraphQL
CPU usage (complex) Medium High REST
Memory usage Low Medium REST

Caching Performance

// REST API caching with Redis
add_action('rest_api_init', function() {
    add_filter('rest_pre_dispatch', function($result, $server, $request) {
        $cache_key = 'rest_' . md5($request->get_route() . serialize($request->get_params()));

        if ($cached = wp_cache_get($cache_key)) {
            return $cached;
        }

        return $result;
    }, 10, 3);

    add_filter('rest_post_dispatch', function($result, $server, $request) {
        $cache_key = 'rest_' . md5($request->get_route() . serialize($request->get_params()));
        wp_cache_set($cache_key, $result, '', 300); // 5 minutes
        return $result;
    }, 10, 3);
});

// GraphQL caching is more complex due to query variations
add_filter('graphql_response_headers', function($headers) {
    $headers['Cache-Control'] = 'max-age=300, s-maxage=300';
    return $headers;
});

Developer Experience

Learning Curve

REST API Learning Path

// Day 1: Basic fetch
const posts = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts').then(r => r.json());

// Day 2: Parameters
const filtered = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?categories=5&per_page=20');

// Day 3: Authentication
const response = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts', {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'X-WP-Nonce': wpApiSettings.nonce
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({ title: 'New Post', status: 'draft' })
});

// Week 1: Building complete app

GraphQL Learning Path

# Day 1: Understanding queries
query {
    posts {
        nodes {
            title
        }
    }
}

# Day 3: Variables and fragments
query GetPost($id: ID!) {
    post(id: $id) {
        ...PostFields
    }
}

fragment PostFields on Post {
    id
    title
    content
}

# Week 1: Understanding schema
# Week 2: Mutations and subscriptions
# Week 3: Building complete app

Tooling and IDE Support

REST API Tools

// Postman collection example
{
    "info": {
        "name": "WordPress REST API",
        "schema": "https://schema.getpostman.com/json/collection/v2.1.0/collection.json"
    },
    "item": [
        {
            "name": "Get Posts",
            "request": {
                "method": "GET",
                "url": "{{base_url}}/wp-json/wp/v2/posts",
                "params": {
                    "per_page": "10",
                    "orderby": "date"
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

// VS Code REST Client
### Get all posts
GET {{host}}/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=10

### Create post
POST {{host}}/wp-json/wp/v2/posts
Content-Type: application/json
X-WP-Nonce: {{nonce}}

{
    "title": "New Post",
    "content": "Post content",
    "status": "draft"
}

GraphQL Tools

// GraphQL Playground features
- Auto-complete queries
- Schema documentation
- Query history
- Variable editor
- Real-time error highlighting

// Apollo DevTools
- Query inspector
- Cache viewer
- Performance profiler
- Mutation logger

Type Safety

REST API with TypeScript

// Manual type definitions required
interface WPPost {
    id: number;
    date: string;
    date_gmt: string;
    guid: {
        rendered: string;
    };
    modified: string;
    modified_gmt: string;
    slug: string;
    status: string;
    type: string;
    link: string;
    title: {
        rendered: string;
    };
    content: {
        rendered: string;
        protected: boolean;
    };
    excerpt: {
        rendered: string;
        protected: boolean;
    };
    author: number;
    featured_media: number;
    categories: number[];
    tags: number[];
}

// Usage
const posts = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts')
    .then(r => r.json()) as WPPost[];

GraphQL with Code Generation

// GraphQL Code Generator automatically creates types
// codegen.yml
schema: https://api.example.com/graphql
generates:
  ./src/generated/graphql.ts:
    plugins:
      - typescript
      - typescript-operations
      - typescript-react-apollo

// Auto-generated types
export type Post = {
    __typename?: 'Post';
    id: Scalars['ID'];
    title?: Maybe<Scalars['String']>;
    content?: Maybe<Scalars['String']>;
    author?: Maybe<PostToUserConnectionEdge>;
    categories?: Maybe<PostToCategoryConnection>;
};

// Type-safe usage
const { data } = useQuery<GetPostsQuery>(GET_POSTS_QUERY);
data.posts.nodes.map(post => post.title); // Full type safety

Query Efficiency Analysis

Over-fetching and Under-fetching

REST API Challenges

// Over-fetching: Getting unnecessary data
const posts = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts');
// Returns all post fields even if you only need title and ID

// Under-fetching: Multiple requests needed
async function getPostWithAuthorDetails(postId) {
    const post = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/${postId}`).then(r => r.json());
    const author = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/users/${post.author}`).then(r => r.json());
    const authorPosts = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?author=${post.author}`).then(r => r.json());

    return { post, author, authorPosts };
}

GraphQL Efficiency

# Request exactly what you need
query GetPostEfficient($id: ID!) {
    post(id: $id) {
        id
        title
        author {
            node {
                name
                posts(first: 5) {
                    nodes {
                        title
                        date
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

N+1 Query Problem

REST API N+1 Issue

// Getting posts with author names creates N+1 queries
async function getPostsWithAuthors() {
    const posts = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=50').then(r => r.json());

    // This creates 50 additional requests!
    const postsWithAuthors = await Promise.all(
        posts.map(async (post) => {
            const author = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/users/${post.author}`).then(r => r.json());
            return { ...post, author };
        })
    );

    return postsWithAuthors;
}

GraphQL Solution

# Single query, no N+1 problem
query GetPostsWithAuthors {
    posts(first: 50) {
        nodes {
            id
            title
            author {
                node {
                    name
                    email
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Bandwidth Optimization

// Bandwidth comparison for fetching 20 posts with metadata

// REST API approach
const calculateRESTBandwidth = async () => {
    const responses = [];

    // Main posts request
    responses.push(await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=20'));

    // Additional requests for each post's related data
    for (let i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
        responses.push(await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/users/${i}`));
        responses.push(await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/media/${i}`));
    }

    const totalSize = responses.reduce((sum, res) => {
        return sum + parseInt(res.headers.get('content-length') || '0');
    }, 0);

    return totalSize; // Average: 245KB
};

// GraphQL approach
const calculateGraphQLBandwidth = async () => {
    const response = await fetch('/graphql', {
        method: 'POST',
        body: JSON.stringify({
            query: `
                query {
                    posts(first: 20) {
                        nodes {
                            id
                            title
                            excerpt
                            author { node { name } }
                            featuredImage { node { sourceUrl } }
                        }
                    }
                }
            `
        })
    });

    return parseInt(response.headers.get('content-length') || '0'); // Average: 42KB
};

Plugin Ecosystem

REST API Extensions

Popular REST API Plugins

// 1. JWT Authentication for WP REST API
add_filter('rest_authentication_errors', function($result) {
    if (!empty($result)) {
        return $result;
    }

    if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
        return new WP_Error('rest_not_logged_in', 'You are not currently logged in.', array('status' => 401));
    }

    return $result;
});

// 2. ACF to REST API
add_filter('rest_prepare_post', function($response, $post, $request) {
    $response->data['acf'] = get_fields($post->ID);
    return $response;
}, 10, 3);

// 3. REST API Cache
add_action('save_post', function($post_id) {
    // Clear cache when posts are updated
    wp_cache_delete('rest_posts_cache');
});

GraphQL Extensions

WPGraphQL Ecosystem

// 1. WPGraphQL for ACF
use WPGraphQL\ACF\Config;

add_action('graphql_init', function() {
    Config::set([
        'show_in_graphql' => true,
        'graphql_field_name' => 'customFields'
    ]);
});

// 2. WPGraphQL for WooCommerce
// Adds complete WooCommerce schema
query {
    products {
        nodes {
            ... on SimpleProduct {
                price
                regularPrice
                salePrice
            }
        }
    }
}

// 3. WPGraphQL JWT Authentication
mutation Login {
    login(input: {
        username: "user"
        password: "pass"
    }) {
        authToken
        refreshToken
        user {
            id
            name
        }
    }
}

Custom Extensions

Extending REST API

// Adding custom endpoints
add_action('rest_api_init', function () {
    register_rest_route('custom/v1', '/trending-posts', array(
        'methods' => 'GET',
        'callback' => 'get_trending_posts',
        'permission_callback' => '__return_true',
        'args' => array(
            'period' => array(
                'default' => 'week',
                'enum' => array('day', 'week', 'month'),
            ),
        ),
    ));
});

function get_trending_posts($request) {
    $period = $request->get_param('period');

    // Custom query based on views, comments, shares
    $posts = get_posts(array(
        'meta_key' => 'post_views_count',
        'orderby' => 'meta_value_num',
        'order' => 'DESC',
        'posts_per_page' => 10,
        'date_query' => array(
            array(
                'after' => "1 {$period} ago",
            ),
        ),
    ));

    return rest_ensure_response($posts);
}

Extending GraphQL Schema

// Adding custom types and fields
add_action('graphql_register_types', function() {
    register_graphql_object_type('TrendingData', [
        'description' => 'Trending metrics for posts',
        'fields' => [
            'views' => [
                'type' => 'Int',
                'description' => 'Total view count',
            ],
            'shares' => [
                'type' => 'Int',
                'description' => 'Social share count',
            ],
            'engagement' => [
                'type' => 'Float',
                'description' => 'Engagement rate',
            ],
        ],
    ]);

    register_graphql_field('Post', 'trending', [
        'type' => 'TrendingData',
        'description' => 'Trending data for this post',
        'resolve' => function($post) {
            return [
                'views' => get_post_meta($post->ID, 'post_views_count', true) ?: 0,
                'shares' => get_post_meta($post->ID, 'social_shares', true) ?: 0,
                'engagement' => calculate_engagement_rate($post->ID),
            ];
        }
    ]);
});

Migration Considerations

Migrating from REST to GraphQL

Step 1: Parallel Implementation

// Run both APIs simultaneously during migration
class APIClient {
    constructor(useGraphQL = false) {
        this.useGraphQL = useGraphQL;
    }

    async getPosts(limit = 10) {
        if (this.useGraphQL) {
            return this.getPostsGraphQL(limit);
        }
        return this.getPostsREST(limit);
    }

    async getPostsREST(limit) {
        const response = await fetch(`/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=${limit}`);
        return response.json();
    }

    async getPostsGraphQL(limit) {
        const response = await fetch('/graphql', {
            method: 'POST',
            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
            body: JSON.stringify({
                query: `
                    query GetPosts($limit: Int!) {
                        posts(first: $limit) {
                            nodes {
                                id
                                title
                                content
                            }
                        }
                    }
                `,
                variables: { limit }
            })
        });
        const data = await response.json();
        return data.data.posts.nodes;
    }
}

Step 2: Data Transformation Layer

// Transform REST responses to match GraphQL structure
class DataTransformer {
    static transformRESTPost(restPost) {
        return {
            id: `post:${restPost.id}`,
            title: restPost.title.rendered,
            content: restPost.content.rendered,
            date: restPost.date,
            author: {
                node: {
                    id: `user:${restPost.author}`,
                    // Note: author details need separate fetch in REST
                }
            },
            categories: {
                nodes: restPost.categories.map(id => ({
                    id: `category:${id}`,
                    // Note: category details need separate fetch
                }))
            }
        };
    }

    static transformGraphQLPost(graphqlPost) {
        // GraphQL response already in desired format
        return graphqlPost;
    }
}

Step 3: Feature Parity Checklist

## Migration Checklist

### Authentication
- [ ] REST API authentication method documented
- [ ] GraphQL authentication implemented
- [ ] Token refresh mechanism updated
- [ ] Permission checks migrated

### Endpoints/Queries
- [ ] Map all REST endpoints to GraphQL queries
- [ ] Custom endpoints converted to GraphQL resolvers
- [ ] Search functionality migrated
- [ ] Filtering and sorting updated

### Performance
- [ ] Caching strategy updated for GraphQL
- [ ] Query complexity limits implemented
- [ ] Monitoring updated for new API
- [ ] Load testing completed

### Frontend
- [ ] API client updated
- [ ] Error handling adjusted
- [ ] Loading states compatible
- [ ] Type definitions updated

Migrating from GraphQL to REST

While less common, some projects might need to migrate from GraphQL to REST:

// GraphQL to REST adapter
class GraphQLToRESTAdapter {
    async executeGraphQLQuery(query, variables) {
        // Parse GraphQL query to determine required REST calls
        const requiredEndpoints = this.parseQuery(query);

        // Execute REST calls in parallel
        const results = await Promise.all(
            requiredEndpoints.map(endpoint => 
                fetch(endpoint).then(r => r.json())
            )
        );

        // Transform to GraphQL-like response
        return this.transformToGraphQLResponse(results, query);
    }

    parseQuery(query) {
        // Simple parser to extract required resources
        const endpoints = [];

        if (query.includes('posts')) {
            endpoints.push('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts');
        }
        if (query.includes('author')) {
            endpoints.push('/wp-json/wp/v2/users');
        }
        if (query.includes('categories')) {
            endpoints.push('/wp-json/wp/v2/categories');
        }

        return endpoints;
    }
}

Decision Flowchart

Quick Decision Matrix

Factor Choose REST API Choose GraphQL
Project Size Small to Medium Medium to Large
Data Relationships Simple (1-2 levels) Complex (3+ levels)
Team Experience REST familiar GraphQL experience or willing to learn
Performance Needs Moderate Critical
Caching Requirements Simple CDN caching Complex caching OK
Mobile App Basic data needs Optimized data fetching
Development Time Quick prototype Long-term investment
Third-party Integration Many REST tools GraphQL ecosystem

Detailed Decision Flow

graph TD
    A[Start] --> B{Mobile App?}
    B -->|Yes| C{Complex Data?}
    B -->|No| D{Multiple Frontends?}
    C -->|Yes| E[GraphQL]
    C -->|No| F{Performance Critical?}
    D -->|Yes| E
    D -->|No| G{Team Experience?}
    F -->|Yes| E
    F -->|No| H[REST API]
    G -->|GraphQL| E
    G -->|REST| I{Complex Relationships?}
    I -->|Yes| J{Willing to Learn?}
    I -->|No| H
    J -->|Yes| E
    J -->|No| H

Use Case Recommendations

Choose REST API for:

  1. Simple Blog or Content Site
// Straightforward content fetching
const posts = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/posts?per_page=10');
const pages = await fetch('/wp-json/wp/v2/pages');
  1. Quick Prototypes
// Rapid development with familiar patterns
app.get('/blog', async (req, res) => {
    const posts = await wpAPI.posts().perPage(10).get();
    res.render('blog', { posts });
});
  1. CDN-Heavy Caching
location /wp-json/ {
    proxy_cache_valid 200 1h;
    proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
    add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
}

Choose GraphQL for:

  1. Complex Data Requirements
query ProductWithReviews {
    product(id: "123") {
        name
        price
        reviews(first: 10, orderby: RATING_DESC) {
            nodes {
                rating
                content
                author {
                    name
                    avatar
                }
                replies {
                    nodes {
                        content
                        author { name }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        relatedProducts(first: 5) {
            nodes {
                name
                price
                thumbnail
            }
        }
    }
}
  1. Mobile Applications
// Minimize data transfer for mobile
const MOBILE_POST_QUERY = gql`
    query MobilePost($id: ID!) {
        post(id: $id) {
            title
            excerpt  # Only excerpt for list view
            featuredImage {
                node {
                    sourceUrl(size: MEDIUM)  # Smaller image size
                }
            }
        }
    }
`;
  1. Real-time Features
// GraphQL subscriptions for live updates
subscription CommentAdded($postId: ID!) {
    commentAdded(postId: $postId) {
        id
        content
        author {
            name
        }
        createdAt
    }
}

Performance Optimization Tips

REST API Optimization

// 1. Selective field returns
add_filter('rest_prepare_post', function($response, $post, $request) {
    $fields = $request->get_param('_fields');

    if ($fields) {
        $data = $response->get_data();
        $filtered = array_intersect_key($data, array_flip(explode(',', $fields)));
        $response->set_data($filtered);
    }

    return $response;
}, 10, 3);

// 2. Implement collection caching
add_action('rest_api_init', function() {
    add_filter('rest_pre_dispatch', function($result, $server, $request) {
        if ($request->get_method() !== 'GET') {
            return $result;
        }

        $cache_key = 'rest_' . md5($request->get_route() . serialize($request->get_params()));
        return wp_cache_get($cache_key, 'rest_api');
    }, 10, 3);
});

GraphQL Optimization

// 1. Query depth limiting
add_filter('graphql_request_data', function($request_data) {
    $max_depth = 10;
    $query_depth = calculate_query_depth($request_data['query']);

    if ($query_depth > $max_depth) {
        throw new Exception('Query depth limit exceeded');
    }

    return $request_data;
});

// 2. DataLoader pattern for N+1 prevention
add_action('graphql_register_types', function() {
    register_graphql_field('Post', 'authorWithLoader', [
        'type' => 'User',
        'resolve' => function($post, $args, $context) {
            return $context->get_loader('user')->load($post->post_author);
        }
    ]);
});

Conclusion

The choice between WordPress REST API and WPGraphQL isn't about which is objectively better—it's about which better serves your project's specific needs.

Choose REST API when: - Building simple applications with straightforward data needs - Working with a team familiar with RESTful principles - Needing extensive caching with CDNs - Requiring broad third-party tool compatibility

Choose GraphQL when: - Building complex applications with nested data relationships - Optimizing for mobile or low-bandwidth environments - Needing precise data fetching to minimize over-fetching - Working with modern frontend frameworks that have GraphQL tooling

Remember that you can also run both APIs simultaneously, allowing for gradual migration or serving different client needs. The key is understanding your requirements and choosing the tool that best helps you deliver value to your users.

Whichever path you choose, both APIs are mature, well-supported options for building powerful headless WordPress applications. Focus on your specific use case, team capabilities, and performance requirements to make the right decision.


Ready to implement your chosen API? Check out our comprehensive Headless WordPress Guide for detailed implementation strategies and best practices.